30 JAMB and WAEC Biology Questions on Fungi and Cell Structure (With Answers)

This set of objective questions focuses on the Kingdom Fungi and the fundamental differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells, as outlined in standard biology curricula.

Based on the characteristics of fungi—including their heterotrophic nutrition, hyphal structure (septate and coenocytic), reproduction by spores, and ecological roles—these questions test comprehension of key biological concepts. Additionally, they cover the structural distinctions between cell types, such as the presence of membrane-bound organelles and cell wall composition. Use these questions to assess your understanding of fungal biology and cellular organization.

Biology Questions on Fungi and Cell Structure (With Answers)

1. According to the passage, which of the following is an exception to the general rule that fungi are non-motile?
   A. Mushroom
   B. Yeast
   C. Slime-mould
   D. Mucor
2. The network formed by the branching of hyphae is called the
   A. sporangium
   B. mycelium
   C. chitin
   D. septum
3. Which of the following fungi possesses septate hyphae?
   A. Mucor
   B. Rhizopus
   C. Mushroom
   D. Slime mould
4. The hyphae of Rhizopus are described as “coenocytic” because they
   A. contain cross walls
   B. store food as glycogen
   C. lack cross walls and appear continuous
   D. reproduce only sexually
5. Fungi are unable to manufacture their own food primarily because they
   A. have a cell wall made of chitin
   B. lack chlorophyll
   C. reproduce by spores
   D. are simple multicellular organisms
6. The rigid nature of the fungal cell wall is due to the presence of
   A. cellulose
   B. chitin
   C. glycogen
   D. protein
7. In terms of nutrition, most fungi are described as
   A. autotrophs
   B. saprophytes
   C. holozoic
   D. photosynthetic
8. Fungi and bacteria play a crucial role in the ecosystem as
   A. primary producers
   B. decomposers
   C. parasites only
   D. nitrogen fixers
9. Fungi reproduce asexually by means of
   A. seeds
   B. binary fission
   C. spores
   D. conjugation
10. A typical example of a unicellular fungus mentioned in the passage is
    A. Mucor
    B. Bread mould
    C. Yeast
    D. Toadstool
11. The carbohydrate reserve in fungi is stored in the form of
    A. starch
    B. cellulose
    C. glycogen
    D. glucose
12. The relationship between fungi and the roots of higher plants is known as
    A. lichen
    B. parasitism
    C. mycorrhizae
    D. symbiosis with cyanobacteria
13. The passage defines lichen as a relationship between a fungus and
    A. a higher plant root
    B. an algae or cyanobacteria
    C. a bacterium
    D. a slime mould
14. Digestion in fungi is described as extracellular. This means food is digested
    A. inside a vacuole
    B. outside the body before absorption
    C. within the nucleus
    D. inside the sporangium
15. Which of the following statements is true of prokaryotic cells based on the passage?
    A. They have a nuclear membrane enclosing the DNA.
    B. They divide by mitosis or meiosis.
    C. Their cell wall is made of cellulose.
    D. They lack mitochondria.
16. In eukaryotic cells, cell division occurs by
    A. binary fission only
    B. conjugation only
    C. mitosis, meiosis, or both
    D. fragmentation of hyphae
17. The DNA in a prokaryotic cell is described as
    A. enclosed and linear
    B. circular and naked
    C. restricted to the nucleus
    D. associated with histones
18. Which structure is present in eukaryotic cells but absent in prokaryotic cells?
    A. Cell wall
    B. DNA
    C. Endoplasmic reticulum
    D. Cytoplasm
19. The cell wall of a plant (eukaryote) is made of cellulose, while that of a fungus is made of
    A. protein and polysaccharide
    B. chitin
    C. lignin
    D. peptidoglycan
20. Unlike plants, fungi do not possess
    A. cell walls
    B. differentiated roots, stems, and leaves
    C. nuclei
    D. the ability to reproduce
21. When conditions are favourable, fungal spores
    A. undergo binary fission
    B. germinate and grow
    C. form a lichen
    D. become septate
22. An example of a fungus that possesses aseptate hyphae is
    A. Mushroom
    B. Toadstool
    C. Yeast
    D. Mucor
23. Which of the following best describes the body of a typical multicellular fungus?
    A. Differentiated into root, stem, and leaf
    B. A single cell with one nucleus
    C. Thread-like hyphae forming a mycelium
    D. A flat thallus with chlorophyll
24. Fungi are described as heterotrophic because they
    A. have rigid cell walls
    B. are non-motile
    C. lack chlorophyll and cannot photosynthesize
    D. store glycogen instead of starch
25. The process by which prokaryotic cells typically divide is called
    A. mitosis
    B. meiosis
    C. binary fission
    D. spore formation
26. Which organelle is specifically mentioned as being absent in prokaryotes but present in eukaryotes for photosynthesis?
    A. Mitochondria
    B. Chloroplast
    C. Endoplasmic reticulum
    D. Nucleus
27. In the hyphal structure of fungi, cross walls that separate individual cells are characteristic of
    A. coenocytic hyphae
    B. aseptate hyphae
    C. septate hyphae
    D. mycorrhizae
28. According to the passage, the soluble digested food in fungi is absorbed by the body through
    A. active transport
    B. osmosis
    C. diffusion
    D. ingestion
29. Which of the following is NOT listed in the passage as a member of the fungi kingdom?
    A. Bread mould
    B. Spirogyra
    C. Toadstool
    D. Slime mould
30. The cell wall of a prokaryotic cell is composed of
    A. cellulose
    B. chitin
    C. protein and polysaccharide
    D. murein

Answer Key

1. C
2. B
3. C
4. C
5. B
6. B
7. B
8. B
9. C
10. C
11. C
12. C
13. B
14. B
15. D
16. C
17. B
18. C
19. B
20. B
21. B
22. D
23. C
24. C
25. C
26. B
27. C
28. C
29. B
30. C